MySQL | UPPER method
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MySQL's UPPER(~) method converts the input string to uppercase and returns it.
Parameters
1. str | string
The string to convert to uppercase.
Return value
The input string in uppercase.
Examples
Consider the following table about some students:
student_id | fname | lname | day_enrolled | age | username |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sky | Towner | 2015-12-03 | 17 | stowner1 |
2 | Ben | Davis | 2016-04-20 | 19 | bdavis2 |
3 | Travis | Apple | 2018-08-14 | 18 | tapple3 |
4 | Arthur | David | 2016-04-01 | 16 | adavid4 |
5 | Benjamin | Town | 2014-01-01 | 17 | btown5 |
The above sample table can be created using the code here.
Basic usage
To return student usernames in uppercase:
SELECT UPPER(username)FROM students;
+-----------------+| UPPER(username) |+-----------------+| STOWNER1 || BDAVIS2 || TAPPLE3 || ADAVID4 || BTOWN5 |+-----------------+
To return uppercase of 'hello':
SELECT UPPER('hello');
+----------------+| UPPER('hello') |+----------------+| HELLO |+----------------+
Binary strings
To perform uppercase conversion with binary strings, the binary string must first be converted to a non-binary string:
SET @fav_city = BINARY 'tokyo';SELECT UPPER(@fav_city), UPPER(CONVERT(@fav_city USING utf8mb4));
+------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+| UPPER(@fav_city) | UPPER(CONVERT(@fav_city USING utf8mb4)) |+------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+| tokyo | TOKYO |+------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
On the left we see that when UPPER(~) is used with a binary string, the input remains unchanged in the output.
When the binary string is first converted to a non-binary string on the right, the input is converted to uppercase.
